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　　一、考试概述：本次考试的文章是三篇旧文章，难度中等。第一篇讲了有调查研究显示，美国市中心出现了食物沙漠的现象“food desert”，住在市中心的市民往往收入较低，无法购买健康食品，同时市中心土地面积少而贵，超市无法自给自足出售蔬菜等，于是面临着健康食物稀缺的问题。第二篇讲了考古学家挖掘出这个古城，讲述了它是怎样发展成一个城市，城市的构造和体系以及为什么能发展成为一个大城市。第三篇讲了一些濒危蜥蜴的现状，如skink，以及介绍了如何拯救这些濒危蜥蜴的方法。

　　二、具体题目分析

　　Passage 1：

　　题目：如何走出食物沙漠

　　题型：填空题5 + 判断题7

　　题号：旧题

　　相似文章：How to find a way out of “food desert”

　　A

　　Food deserts can be described as geographic areas where residents’ access to affordable,healthy food options (especially fresh fruits and vegetables) is restricted or nonexistent dueto the absence of grocery stores within convenient travelling distance. For instance, accordingto a report prepared for Congress by the Economic Research Service of the US Department ofAgriculture, about 2.3 million people (or 2.2 percent of all US households) live more than onemile away from a supermarket and do not own a car. [1] In urban areas, access to publictransportation may help residents overcome the difficulties posed by distance, but economicforces have driven grocery stores out of many cities in recent years, making them so few andfar between that an individual’s food shopping trip may require taking several buses or trains.In suburban and rural areas, public transportation is either very limited or unavailable, withsupermarkets often many miles away from people’s homes.

　　B

　　The other defining characteristic of food deserts is socio-economic: that is, they are mostcommonly found in communities of color and low-income areas (where many people don’t havecars). Studies have found that wealthy districts have three times as many supermarkets aspoor ones do, [2] that white neighborhoods contain an average of four times as manysupermarkets as predominantly black ones do, and that grocery stores in African-Americancommunities are usually smaller with less selection. [3] People’s choices about what to eat areseverely limited by the options available to them and what they can afford—and many fooddeserts contain an overabundance of fast food chains selling cheap “meat” and dairy-basedfoods that are high in fat, sugar and salt. Processed foods (such as snack cakes, chips andsoda) typically sold by corner delis, convenience stores and liquor stores are usually just asunhealthy.

　　C

　　Food Empowerment Project’s report, “Shining a Light on the Valley of Heart’s Delight(PDF),” shows that it is possible to overlook communities that are located in food desertswhen relying on data collected by the US government. We found that, “Part of the problem ishow the US government’s North American Industry Classification System (NAICS is thestandard used by the federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments)categorizes retail outlets that sell food. According to the NAICS code, small corner grocerystores are statistically lumped together with supermarkets, such as Safeway, Whole FoodsMarket, etc. In other words, a community with no supermarket and two corner grocery storesthat offer liquor and food would be counted as having two retail food outlets even though thefood offered may be extremely limited and consist mainly of junk food.”

　　D

　　In addition to this, we found that many of the convenience stores that had items such asa bunch of bananas or a few apples would sell the fruits individually. Because these items arenot priced, the customers are often at the mercy of the person behind the counter whodetermines the cost then and there. Customers who don’t have a good understanding ofEnglish might never ask the price of the item.

　　E

　　Those living in food deserts may also find it difficult to locate foods that are culturallyappropriate for them, and dietary restrictions, such as lactose intolerance, gluten allergies,etc., also limit the food choices of those who do not have access to larger chain stores thathave more selection. Additionally, studies have found that urban residents who purchasegroceries at small neighborhood stores pay between 3 and 37 percent more than suburbanitesbuying the same products at supermarkets.

　　F

　　Healthier foods are generally more expensive than unhealthful foods, particularly in fooddeserts. For instance, while the overall price of fruits and vegetables in the US increased bynearly 75 percent between 1989 and 2005, the price of fatty foods dropped by more than 26percent during the same period. While such inflation has strained the food budgets of manyfamilies regardless of their financial status, the higher cost of healthy foods often puts thementirely beyond the monetary means of many lower-income people.

　　G

　　While unhealthy eating may be economically cheaper in the short-term, the consequencesof long-term constrained access to healthy foods is one of the main reasons that ethnicminority and low-income populations suffer from statistically higher rates of obesity, type 2diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other diet-related conditions than the generalpopulation.

　　暂无参考答案

　　Passage 2：

　　题目：一个古老的城市

　　题型：信息配对6 + 句子填空5 + 多项选择2

　　题目：旧题

　　相似文章：

　　An ancient city

　　A

　　Everybody knew about Lourdes Mary Cave, wecan find it in France. And this Mary Cave became aninspiration to many countries and cities. Likewisewhen we visited Jogja. We found some Mary Cavestoo. One of them is Tritis Cave. This cave touted as The Most Exotic Mary Cave.Tritis Cavesituated at Wonosari, southern of Jogja. Pricesly located at the hill of Mountains Seribu, DusunBulu, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Wonosari. To reach this place we take time about 1.5 hours or50 kilometers from city center. Looks far and take a long time, hmmm. I don't think so. Becausewe can see beautiful landscape along the way. And we will not be bored.

　　B

　　First, this cave named Tritis Singkil Cave. This place known as ghostlike place because thiscave is very quiet and far from peoples routine. So, many people used this place for hermitage.And then a child found this cave and he try to tell the church pastor. By local peoples this placeused to celebrate Christmas Mass for local Catholic. After that the terrible impression of thiscave gradually disappeared. Now this cave famous as Tritis Cave and many Catholics came hereto praying. Usually many of them came to this place at May or October because both of thismonth known as month of Mary.

　　C

　　Not easy to arrive this cave. From parking area we need to take 2 kilometers for thedistance by walking. Traversed by a winding road and the vehicle can not be skipped. On theway we'll find children or local people that give the direction so that we can reach the cave fasterand safer. Before the visitor reach the cave usually they perform the cross road. There are 14stations that must be passed first. Arriving at the Mount of Golgotha, we can see a situationsimilar to the original. There are three large cross where Jesus was crucified with Barnabas.

　　D

　　Tritis word taken from Java language it's mean water droplets. The water droplets at thecave cames from cave ceiling. This cave still looks natural and decorated with stalactite andstalagmite that's why it looks exotic. Many people interpret the water droplets with Godblessing that down to the visitor. And the water became the symbol of human life what humanexistence should be accepted. That is the spirit of simplicity of Tritis Cave.

　　E

　　Besides that the visitors belief that the water can heal various diseases. So after prayingthey take the water to some bottles and bring it home. Futhermore this water became a specialblessing for residents around. Because surrounding natural condition was barren and localpeople used it for daily necessities.

　　1. C

　　2. E

　　3. D

　　4. G

　　5. F

　　6. B

　　7. courtyard

　　8. doorway

　　9. oval basins

　　10. sheep's wool

　　11. tomb

　　12. B

　　13. C

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